Assessment of the Camel Cigarette Promotion and the Impact of Medical Doctors in Advertisements by Cigarette Companies

Assessment of the Camel Cigarette Promotion and the Impact of Medical Doctors in Advertisements by Cigarette Companies â€Å"More Doctors Smoke Camels†, But Does it Matter? An Analysis of Camel Cigarette Ads The 1940’s presented a far different version of America then we live in today, smoking was not only a widely accepted pastime, but many people didn’t even consider it a bad habit. While there were a few studies that had linked smoking to bad long-term effects they were few and far between and so, the habit was much more popular at the time. In 1946 the RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company produced a pro-Camel Cigarette Ad that seemed, at first glance, to be nothing more than a typical ad but upon closer examination it became clear that the ad used elements, such as a doctor, to give consumers a subconscious sense that purchasing Camels could actually benefit them somehow – almost as if the doctor were prescribing them Camels. The ad’s aesthetics create a medium where producers have highlighted certain features of their product as â€Å"important† whilst using misleading imagery to further their agenda of selling the product. The highlight of the ad seems to be the doctor, who dominates nearly half of the advertisement; his presence creates a sense of comfort and a false allusion of benefit to purchasing Camel cigarettes. As a typical consumer would you not assume that, â€Å"if doctors think it’s ok, it’s probably ok†? The use of a doctor almost implies that, as is his job, the doctor is prescribing the Camel’s to the consumers viewing the ad. Along with the doctor the ad includes a section that describes the study conducted and it’s results. These results are simple white text on a black background, so they pop, and a pack of camel cigarettes are featured next to the textual blurb, as a means to simultaneously show the consumer what a pack of Camels looks like, and to remind the consumer they are looking at a Camel ad. Lastly, in what seems to be an effort to broaden their market, the ad includes a female who references her â€Å"T-Zone†, a makeup term that is aptly reapplied to suit the producers need to sell cigarettes, but still has ties to the doctor and how he may influence women in their purchasing of cigarettes. Overall the ad uses very basic methods to appeal to those who don’t plan on further analyzing the ad and its content. The doctor used in the Camel cigarettes ad seems to communicate a sense of comfort and lull the average consumer into a state of ease, as most people would believe that what a doctor claimed to be true was true. Visually the doctor in the ad is what one would describe as the â€Å"typical wise man†. He’s old, as notable by his old, wrinkled appearance, and his greying hair. His age would imply he’s been a doctor for a significant period of time and not a newcomer to the field, and this, would further indicate that his opinion is based on years of experience, which ads further validity to what he is saying. Comparatively, the doctor is drawn in a much more detailed manor than the other character, the woman, featured on the ad as is expected due to the fact that he is the true focal point of said ad. His wrinkles are defined and his skin has a much more natural gradient – again, adding to the overall notion that this doctor and the fact that he is an experie nced doctor, are part of marketing these cigarettes. On top of visually portraying the doctor as a wise and astute man, the text bubble that accompanies the doctor refers to doctors as, â€Å"one of the busiest men in town† and â€Å"a scientist, diplomat, and friendly sympathetic human being†, each of which carry positions of influential power towards the consumer. A scientist’s opinion might be trusted when possible effects of the cigarette are being debated, a diplomat when logistics and cigarette sales are being debated, and a sympathetic human being’s when one is simply looking for a friends advice. The ad uses the doctor as a means to create someone that the typical consumer can trust, sympathize with, and believe, in doing so they also create the ideal person or people to market their Camel cigarettes. In terms of marketing for the specific brand of cigarettes, Camels, the ad places them in a variety of eye-catching places to draw, what one would assume to be, the first glance of the consumer. One cigarette sits in the doctor’s hand, and although it isn’t marked as a Camel cigarette it is still drawn to stand off of the background. Despite the fact that the doctor is wearing a white coat, the contrast between the white cigarette and the coat is still quite high, as to further highlight the cigarette. The name â€Å"Camel† is once again mentioned in large font below the image of the doctor in the tagline, â€Å"More Doctors Smoke Camels Than Any Other Cigarette†, not only does the tagline further support the claim that doctors are being used to persuade buyers to purchase cigarettes – note the bolded â€Å"M.D.† But it also shows that the Camels, although the product being sold, are secondary to the message. After appearing several times in the text blurb at the bottom of the ad the â€Å"Camel† cigarettes again pop up in the form of an image next to the aforesaid blurb. Yet again the cigarettes – now specially marked as Camel – stand out against the white background they are set on, despite the fact that they to are white cigarettes. As a whole, the ad highlights the cigarettes, specifically camels, as something good and worthwhile that a doctor might prescribe with his thoughtful and informed opinion. In an effort to broaden their market the ad includes another â€Å"mini-ad† in the bottom right corner. The mini-ad features a woman holding a cigarette – that once again is highlighted from both her and her background – to market the cigarettes to other women. â€Å"Your T-Zone Will Tell You/T for Taste/T for Throat†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is how the ad goes about expanding its influence with the T-Zone referencing a commonly used term when amongst women who frequently use makeup. However, unlike the makeup T-Zone, the ad moves the T-Zone downward to include the mouth and the throat in an effort to associate women as a whole with smoking and not correct application of makeup. Although it may seem disconnected at first, the mini-ads reinforcement of the fact that Camel’s won’t affect your throat is something a doctor would back, furthering the notion that the doctor, although not highlighted in this sector of the ad, plays an integral role in why Camelâ€⠄¢s are the best cigarettes to smoke. This Camel cigarette ad falsely uses the pedestal many place doctors and their opinions on as a means to promote their cigarettes to a larger audience. Seeing as the ad is from 1946 it’s consequences are already known to the world we live in today, we now know that smoking causes a plethora of issues in ones later life and cigarette smoking is far from a commonly accepted pastime. In terms of the this specific Camel cigarettes ad and how it may have played a role in changing society it would seem that, due to their misperception, many people were duped not only into buying cigarettes, but specially Camel cigarettes. With this notion in mind one could also adopt the idea that those who purchased the Camel’s on the â€Å"doctors orders† may have eventually developed a mistrust in doctors due to the repercussions of smoking. The RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company’s Camel cigarette ad uses doctors, their trustworthy nature, and their position of power amongst the average consumer to market their Camel cigarettes as the best on the market. The ad, produced in the 1940’s, uses the already widely recognized pastime of smoking cigarettes, and the extensively accepted notion that people trust doctors, particularly those with experience, to market and sell their cigarettes as the best on the coattails of a doctor-like prescription.

Is cooperation possible under conditions of International Anarchy Essay

Is cooperation possible under conditions of International Anarchy discuss in light of realist and pluralist approaches to international relations - Essay Example According to the principle of realists' movement, everything that need not be regulated within the general framework should be left to decide for subordinate groups and, in turn, to individuals to guarantee them a maximum amount of freedom. Proponents of pluralism argue that this negotiation process is the best way to achieve the common good: since everyone can participate in power and decision-making and can claim part of the ownership of the results of exercising power "Black, Bob (1997). Anarchy after Leftism." There can also be widespread participation and a greater feeling of commitment from society members, and therefore better outcomes. By contrast, few members make an authoritarian or oligarchic society, where power is concentrated and decisions. This School of thought holds that while the international system is anarchical, order can be promoted through diplomacy, international law and society. This school thus gives credence to establishing intergovernmental organizations s uch as the United Nations. The idea of international cooperation despite the unpredictable elements of anarchy can be viewed in the existence of the United Nations. ... d Social Council, ECOSOC assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development "Basic Facts About The United Nations", By United Nations (2004) ISBN 9211009367." Since 1998, it directs to make decision of the key committees of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Their function includes information gathering, advising member nations, and making recommendations. International relations, in general focus the foreign affairs and global issues among states within the international system, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and multinational corporations (MNCs). It seeks to analyze as well as formulate the foreign policy of particular states. International Relation draws upon such diverse fields as economics, history, law, philosophy, geography, sociology, anthropology, psychology, and cultural studies. It involves a diverse range of issues, from glob alization and its impacts on societies and state sovereignty to ecological sustainability, nuclear proliferation, nationalism, economic development, terrorism, organized crime, human security, and human rights. REALISM AS THE VEHICLE OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONS Realism chiefly denies that states seek to cooperate. Early realists such as E.H. Carr, Daniel Bernhard and Hans Morgenthau argued that states are self-interested, power-seeking rational actors, who seek to maximize their security and chances of survival. Realists previewed World War II as the vindication of their theory. They advocate that the current international system sustain by growing interdependence; the mutual responsibility and dependency on others. Globalization, in particular plays vital role with international

Annotated Biblography Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Annotated Biblography Assignment - Essay Example Researchers asserted that the Malaysian government, in its vigorous effort to uphold community health care for mentally ill patients, must also ensure that those who are proving services be formally educated on how to implement integrated mental community-based health care by addressing the need to immerse them with knowledge on the use of traditional multicultural belief systems specially in â€Å"family caregivers, mental health service users and service providers.† With the dearth of mental health facilities especially in rural region of Malaysia, family caregiving for mentally-ill patients became the primary resort amongst significant number of family caregivers. Researchers further argued that notwithstanding numerous scholarly studies on family caregiving services for mental illness under Western medical healthcare practices but these are not sensitive to the eastern culture of Malays. The need to have a sensitive approach on mental health care delivery pose a challenge for healthcare providers in Malaysia and indeed, the multi-dimensional ways of caregiving should be utilized as for both traditional and scientific approaches of healthcare. The researchers likewise asserted that studies should likewise be expanded to include concern to mental health social work practices. Further, it was noted that while the government recognize the role of the family in according responsible healthcare for their members as part of its culture and tradition, but mental illness care require a multidisciplinary approach too to respond to the behaviours of the patient and professional or institutional support should be highly regarded too, especially when patients are in a dire need of professional medical attention. Severely ill patients necessitate not only the traditional or customary way of mental healthcare but also professional support because mental illness is a broad illness which cannot be simply regarded as simply possession of evil spirit or a moral weaknes s of a patient or God’s formidable punitive way for human being’s excessive immersion to sins. There are scientific bases on mental illness and there are also specific medications that can be optimized to normalize the behaviour of a mentally ill person. Medical expert intervention is also necessary to address symptoms, effects, and impacts of mental illness to persons, especially those that have tremendous tendency to inflict harm to self or those that are possessing violent capacities. Psychiatric help is also essential in understanding the sociological context of mental illnesses. Alpar, G., Hoepman, J-H., Siljee, J. (2011). The Identity Crisis: Security, Privacy and Usability issues in Identify Management, Radboud University Nijmegen: The Sentinels, pp, 1-14. This research is focused on the ‘identity crisis’ emerging from â€Å"substantial security, privacy and usability shortcomings encountered in existing systems for identity management (Alpar, Hoep man, & Siljee, 2011, p. 1).† Substantial research is deemed essential to resolve issues arising from the utilization of information technology where

How do psychological mindsets act as enemies of intelligence How does Essay

How do psychological mindsets act as enemies of intelligence How does this influence surprise or failure Can the Intelligence - Essay Example It means that there will always be some cases wherein some members of the intelligence group can unconsciously destabilize the goal of being able to come up with a timely and accurate intelligence report (Betts, 2007, p. 264). Whether deliberately or not, the act of destablizing the goal of intelligence can happen each time the members of the intelligence group would manipulate or falsely interpretate the gathered information. Eventually, the use of distorted information can lead to inaccurate conclusions or wrong reactions. It means that each time a member of the intelligence community failed to identify misinterpreted data, there is a higher chance wherein the intelligence group can end up making wrong or inaccurate predictions (Betts, 2007, p. 6). How does psychological mindsets influence surprise or failure? There are cases wherein some members of the intelligence group tend to make use of their own biased personal judgment when making important decisions. Within this context, ps ychological mindset can pertain to a scenario wherein the human mind would considered some false information as something that is accurate and highly reliable. Therefore, aside from the risk of passing around some out-dated information in different agencies related to intelligence, one can argue that the use of a false mindset can distort the ability of the intelligence in terms of being able to accurately interpret or analyze the gathered information. Often times, the use of a false mindset can trigger the risk of intelligence failure. Each time intelligence failure happens, the members of the intelligence group can be caught up in a surprise because of the falsely predicted outcome. A good example of such case is the September 11 attack. Despite the number of agencies set out to protect the national security of the United States, the intelligence community ended up pretty much surprised by the attack (Betts, 2007, p. 4). Can the intelligence community overcome or optimize analysis despite these obstacles? To prevent the risks of national disaster, the main role of the intelligence community is to collect, correlate, and analyze information that are useful in terms of maintaining the national security (Betts, 2007, p. 1). However, intelligence group often faces obstacles which could prevent them from effectively fulfilling their goals. Among these obstacles include: (1) the outside enemies – which are referring to the main subject of intelligence such as a terrorist group or any groups or countries that are currently in conflict or are totally against the United States and are trying to mislead the intelligence community from performing their tasks in terms of preserving the national security; (2) the innocent enemies – which are referring to individuals who aim to destabilize the goal of being able to come up with a timely and accurate intelligence report; and/or (3) the inherent enemies – which are usually triggered by human interventio n that can affect the overall function of the intelligence group (Betts, 2007, p. 9, 12, 264). Despite all these obstacles, it is possible for the intelligence community to overcome or optimize the analysis of the gathered information. However, it will never be easy on the part of the intelligen

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Essay

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis - Essay Example Stevenson uses an innovative approach to portray the human soul as a battlefield for an â€Å"angel† and a â€Å"fiend† who are foes in a battle for the possession of the human soul. Every human being contains these opposite forces within him, an alter ego that hides behind a social and polite everyday facade. Jekyll asserts that â€Å"man is not truly one, but truly two,† that one is never black nor white and that the situation at hand always brings out more of one side or the other. Jekyll’s potion that was initially meant to separate and purify these two elements, the angel from the fiend, only manages to bring out the dark side into being. Hyde emerges from the depths of Jekyll, but he brings forth no angelic counterpart. It is left to be argued whether or not this role of the angelic counterpart is left for Jekyll. It is more than obvious that his demeanor is outright moral and decent, and he enjoys the repute of a benevolent, well-mannered and genial man, yet he never embodies the virtue of good equally as Hyde embodies the very opposite from it. He merely portrays civilized behavior and morals, leaning towards good. In his bold and philanthropic efforts, he takes it upon himself to purify the good, but he ends up liberating the darkness from the shackles of conscience.

BIOTECHNOLOGY & GENETIC ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BIOTECHNOLOGY & GENETIC ANALYSIS - Essay Example This is mainly attributed to accumulation of pollutant along the path of river and hence bacterial population need to evolved catabolic capability to survive and hence more plasmid bearing bacterial population were found in second sample. Similarly most of the plasmid was found to be in size range more than 35 KB clearly indicates most of them are Conjugative plasmids as this group of plasmid has more number of genes compared to non-conjugative plasmid to carryout conjugation process and hence larger the size. Here re-suspension solution constitutes of glucose, EDTA and Tris each have its own role. Glucose provides osmotic stress and EDTA as chelating agents which binds to heavy metals and helps in disintegration of cell wall, Tris act as buffering agent and maintains pH of over all reactions to avoid any pH dependent side reaction. In this stage cell become highly fragile and some are break open. This solution is mixture of SDS and NaOH. Here NaOH provides alkaline condition which helps in cell lyses and denaturation of DNA while SDS dissolves cell wall constituents and induces extensive cell lyses. It also helps in proteins denaturation and precipitation. In this stage most of cell constituents get denatured including genomic DNA, But as plasmid is in its CCC (covalently closed circular) forms will not denatured completely and most of them remains in its native configuration. Step 4: Neutralisation Solution Here potassium acetate and acetic acid act as neutralizing agent to bring back the pH to normal. Similarly it induces the renaturation of DNA. Because of larger size most of the Genomic DNA remains denatured and mingled with proteins remains with cell debris while plasmid being smaller molecule except out to supernatant . Step 5: centrifugation at high speed; During this stage all cell derbies along with genomic DNA settled at the bottom of tube and being smaller in size plasmid remains in supernatant. Which subsequently used for further purification and transformation. Ans 3 protocol 6: Here we have two different observation 1) colonies from tube 2 grown as blue colored colonies 2) while from tube 3 there is mixture of blue and white. This can be explained as follows. In case of tube 2 there is only vector pGEM3Z used for transformation. The plasmid pGEM3Z have lacZ gene as marker which code for enzyme called beta glycosidase. After transformation cells where plated on LA supplemented with X-gal and IPTG. Now in presence of IPTG expression of lac Z induces and leads to synthesis of beta-glycosidase which subsequently acts on X-gal and cleaved it to chromogenic intermediate give rise to blue color. While in case of tube 3 there was plasmid vector along with insert gene (ligation mixture) and plated on similar plate after transformation. As vector pGEM3Z having MCS (multiple cloning sites) in side the lacZ gene any insertion or recombination leads to inactivation of lacZ (insertional inactivation). Inactive lacZ will not code for functional beta glycosidase and hence colonies having insertion give rise to white colors. In another scenario where cut plasmid re-ligated without any insertion during

Discuss the social and health needs of prisoner in the UK and why Essay

Discuss the social and health needs of prisoner in the UK and why these needs are of relevance to the wider community - Essay Example However as the population of prisoners increase by day, the conditions surrounding the imprisoned in the country have deteriorated. There is a need for better health care in prisons and for an improvement in the prisoners’ general life inside bars. The National Health Service for example has recently got the mandate to look into matters of health care for prisoners taking over this duty from the prison service (Williamson 2006). This is a good call since there is admittedly a need to look into social and health issues of the prisoners. This paper will discuss the social and health needs of the prisoners in the United Kingdom and the reasons as to why the needs are relevant to the wider community. There is a wide spread concern that the rules and regimes of the prison environment could have detrimental impacts on the mental health of the prisoners and especially those with mental illnesses already. It is also well documented that the incidences of psychiatric morbidity and subs tance abuse is higher among the prisoners than the general public. Thus with the growing population, there are now more people with mental illnesses in the prisons than ever before (Harris, Hek and Condon 2007). The overcrowding, separation from family and friends, loss of autonomy and boredom are potentially detrimental to the mental stability of the prisoners. There is therefore a need to improve the state of mental healthcare so as to get to the main of objectives of the prisons to be anti-therapeutic environments. There is a need to really care for the prisoners from reception through to discharge mentally so as to improve their perceptions in the quality of their lives. The staff administering mental healthcare inside the prisons should have extra training to identify the prisoners who need extra support, those with history of mental illness and those who will be on remand for a long time (Brooker 2009). The population of the prisons in England and Wales has doubled in the last 20 years thus making the prisons to overcrowd. Overcrowding is the state where a prison contains more prisoners than the establishment’s CNA (Certified Normal Accommodation). THE United Kingdom has the highest percentage of overcrowding in Europe. The overcrowding leads to enormous burdens on the staff making it difficult to offer adequate resources to the offenders. This exacerbates tension and frustration levels by prisoners leading to higher risks of violence. This leaves prisoners under the danger of being hurt or killed. It also deteriorates the living conditions where inmates eat, sleep and even defecate in the cell, like in the case of Bedford, a condition which leaves them to the danger of infections. The overcrowding also denies some prisoners the access to education, training and work. This is because there is a high demand due to the high population. Overcrowding also brings difficulties in mental, drug and alcohol abuse treatment services. It is also expensive an d increases the risk of a prisoner to committing crimes after release due to the above inconveniences (Singleton et al 1998). Some of the prisoners are fathers and mothers. This means that they are forced to combine serving their sentences and parenting. Their families therefore need support from the society and the administration. Their kids are especially at risks of experiencing poverty, mental illnesses, poor housing and more negative incomes. Most children with parents in prison will most likely go on to offend. There are also the